Strengthening Financial Resilience against Climate and Disaster Impacts: Key Insights from UR24

October 30, 2024 10:15 am Published by Leave a comment

Strengthening Financial Resilience against Climate and Disaster Impacts: Key Insights from UR24

Original article published on the Financial Protection Forum

A joint reflection note by the World Bank’s Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Program (DRFIP), Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub, and Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Insurance Facility (SEADRIF) on driving innovation in disaster risk solutions for a more secure future.

The Challenge

As natural disasters continue to escalate, governments and businesses around the world must brace themselves for their financial and economic impacts. Extreme natural disasters cost an average of $452 billion annually in economic losses. Governments are investing roughly $1 trillion annually into infrastructure, yet disaster-related impact to infrastructures presents a significant part of governments’ contingent liabilities.

Effective disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) is a critical tool in mitigating financial losses from the impacts of climate change and natural hazards. It encourages risk-based decision-making and the adoption of financial protection instruments, and builds more resilient systems for response and recovery.

World Bank Group’s Efforts in DRFI

The World Bank Group (WBG) supports client countries in developing and most importantly implementing robust DRFI strategies to enhance their resilience through the Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance Program, in collaboration with Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Japan-World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management in Developing Countries. 

The Understanding Risk Global Forum 2024 (UR24)—organized by the GFDRR Tokyo Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Hub—has been the largest Understanding Risk Global Forum to date, with more than 1,700 attendees joining onsite in Himeji, Japan in June 2024. At UR24, leading experts discussed the latest in DRFI, focusing on innovations and strategies to advance global efforts in disaster and climate resilience. Here are some key insights on the frontiers of DRFI from the event, which can help global leaders and practitioners further advance their efforts.

1. Comprehensive financial protection strategies are needed to help countries close the protection gap and strengthen holistic resilience including in the infrastructure sector.

At the “Global Knowledge Exchange on DRFI for Resilient Infrastructure” session hosted by the WBG, in partnership with Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)+3 and Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Insurance Facility (SEADRIF), experts shared the latest approaches in integrating disaster risk considerations into asset management frameworks, especially for lifeline critical infrastructure, such as school buildings, health facilities, transport networks, and power systems.

  • In Grenada, the disaster resilience strategy has evolved since the devastating impact of Hurricane Ivan in 2004. The country now has multiple layers of financial protection, including a contingency fund, a WBG facility, and insurance with the Caribbean Catastrophic Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF).
  • Morocco’s national strategy, which includes a solidarity fund supported by insurance premiums and a risk transfer strategy for major disasters like earthquakes, has been effective in providing quick payouts after events like the Al Haouz earthquake.
  • The Philippines’ DRFI strategy, which includes risk retention mechanisms like national disaster funds and risk transfer mechanisms such as parametric insurance and catastrophe bonds, have been crucial in providing quick financial support during disasters. The country’s National Asset Registry System (NARS), a consolidated database of “non-financial critical and strategically important government assets”, enables long-term sustainable asset management through efficient financial risk management that enhances service delivery, and improves risk reduction for sustainability. Utilizing NARS, more than 130,000 schools are covered through the National Indemnity Insurance Program against fire and natural catastrophes.
  • In the Marshall Islands, efforts are ongoing to modernize DRFI legislation, establish contingency funds, and seek international partnerships to enhance financial resilience.
  • The Japan International Cooperation Agency highlighted the importance of combining disaster risk reduction with DRFI to invest in resilient infrastructure, presenting a case for integrated approaches to resilience building and stressed on the need for strong governance and institutional frameworks to support these initiatives. 
  • In line with its DRFI Strategy, Indonesia has embarked on a journey to establish its State Asset Insurance program as part of its risk transfer mechanisms for public assets. The program offers 10% of all insurable office, health and educational buildings with coverage against perils including fire, floods and earthquakes.

2. Pre-arranged finance for public assets plays a crucial role in managing governments’ disaster-related contingent liabilities.

  • Linking financial preparedness with operational preparedness is crucial for building comprehensive disaster resilience, particularly in the context of public asset protection.
  • Effective management of public assets involves assessing risks, ensuring resilience, and planning for contingencies. This approach not only safeguards critical infrastructure but also enhances overall disaster preparedness and response capabilities.
  • The WBG is renewing its approach to knowledge, ensuring that the best global knowledge can help drive development, create scalable, replicable projects, and influence global conversations. As part of the WBG’s Knowledge Compact, a series of WBG resources like the “Financial Protection for Public Assets: A Practitioner’s Guide for Public Officials (2022)”, Financial Protection of Critical Infrastructure Services (2021)”, Catastrophe Insurance Programs for Public Assets: Operational Framework (2020)” , and a simulation-based e-learning program on DRF provide practitioners with a comprehensive knowledge base for understanding financial protection measures. Analytical tools such as WBG’s Enabling Environment and Progress Assessment (EEPA) tool enable governments and stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding DRFI, asset management, and resilience-building initiatives.

3. Risk pools are a promising solution to help address the ever-widening insurance protection gap.

By aggregating risks across multiple countries in one region, regional risk pools, now available in the Caribbean, Africa, Pacific and Southeast Asia, enable countries to diversify their financial buffers and absorb shocks more effectively. However, there are challenges associated with designing innovative financing structures and ensuring sustainable implementation of risk pooling solutions. Dialogue between countries, regional risk pools, reinsurers, brokers, technology providers and development partners is crucial to foster an understanding of diverse perspectives, needs, and roles.

  • Delegates from Grenada, a member of CCRIF SPC (formerly the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility) -, shared their journey with their catastrophe insurance policy. While it hadn’t been triggered since its inception in 2007 the government continued to purchase the policy to ensure protection. Training provided by CCRIF SPC has enabled a shift from reliance on immediate assistance to a focus on risk management and resilience. In July 2024, Grenada received multiple payouts related to Tropical Cyclone Beryl from the CCRIF SPC including to their electric and water utilities. The total payout amounted to more than $50 million, demonstrating the real proof of the value of continued protection through disaster risk financing mechanisms.  
  • Delegates from St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Malawi, Tonga and Lao PDR shared their experiences of engaging stakeholders across ministry and local governments in tailoring insurance products to meet their unique needs.
  • Regional risk pools offer significant benefits by reducing transaction costs, accessing centralized expertise, decreasing total premium costs through economies of scale, and diversifying risk. As regional sovereign risk insurance providers, CCRIF SPC, African Risk Capacity Limited (ARC Ltd.), Pacific Catastrophe Risk Insurance Company (PCRIC), and SEADRIF indicated that the design of business models to ensure sustainability, as well as ways of securing support for capital, premium subsidy, and technical assistance are areas requiring continuous improvement.
  • Many countries in Southeast Asia face significant exposure to climate and disaster risks; however, the diversification of risk across these countries offers opportunities for more efficient financial protection. SEADRIF highlighted that a potential structure for joint protection against earthquakes could result in premiums being approximately 16% lower compared to countries purchasing coverage individually, purely due to the benefits of risk diversification. By creating a larger, more diversified portfolio and taking a collective approach to the insurance market, even greater savings could be realized, with estimated overall price reductions of up to 25%.

4. Data and analytics are crucial for enhancing risk assessment across all phases of disasters, including accurate risk evaluation, rapid response, and damage assessment.

However, challenges persist, such as data availability in low-to-middle income countries, alongside emerging opportunities facilitated by advancements in AI and open data platforms.

  • In Moroccosatellite data and machine learning have been leveraged to minimize basis risks, allowing for parametric insurance, and actuarial modeling allows for quantification of the opportunity costs between diverse risk financing instruments. In the aftermath of the Al Haouz Earthquake in September 2023, the public mechanisms unlocked US$300 million and the losses were covered fully by risk pooling. 
  • Insights from Nanyang Technological University included those on the ASEAN Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Phase 2 (ADRFI-2) platform which, in addition to making accessible hazard assessments for earthquake, flood and tropical cyclones, offers national and regional exposure, including exposure by-building utilizing high-resolution satellite imagery. Critical risk metrics for DRFI instrument design such as loss exceedances from Annual Average Loss to Probable Maximum Loss are also made available. 

Many organizations are involved in the implementation of data and analytics for public benefit, but there is often limited coordination or exchange of information across stakeholders. Participants representing governments, regional risk pools, development institutions, academia, reinsurers, brokers, and technology providers all agreed that greater transparency is necessary in knowledge and information exchange to facilitate collaboration across organizations and regions in an effort to share best practices and common pitfalls.

5. Partnership and capacity building

Strengthening financial protection requires robust partnership at the local, regional and global levels to maximize reach, scale and impact. Comprehensive and effective DRFI strategies can be developed and implemented by leveraging the strengths and expertise of various stakeholders, including governments, international organizations, academia, think tanks, private sector entities, and civil society organizations. Partnerships ensure that DRFI approaches are not only robust but also contextually relevant, addressing the specific needs and challenges of different regions and communities. They foster innovation, resource mobilization, and knowledge sharing.

  • APEC, ASEAN+3 and SEADRIF are examples of how regional-level partnerships can advance DRFI through enhancing regional cooperation and dialogue, pooling resources and expertise, strengthening financial resilience, and capacity building and knowledge sharing.
  • Academia, such as Nanyang Technological University, and think tanks like the Global Asia Insurance Partnership (GAIP), bring specialized research and technical expertise to the development of innovative DRFI strategies, contributing to informed policy-making and the advancement of financial protection mechanisms.
  • Japan has shown global leadership in elevating DRFI to the forefront of the development agenda. The Japan-World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience in Developing Countries, managed by the Tokyo DRM Hub, has been supporting policy dialogues on DRFI in global and regional forums. DRFI in-country capacity building engagements supported by the Japan-World Bank Program have been instrumental in the design and implementation of risk financing strategies that help countries and regions better manage disaster risks, and safeguard critical infrastructure and public/private assets. Such activities have helped to develop the baseline for strategic plans for DRFI in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, provide an understanding of the enabling environment for DRFI in South Asia, and assess disaster related contingent liabilities in Latin America.
  • Global partnerships also play a significant role in strengthening financial protection, and coordination between programs is essential to meet the increasing needs of client countries. The Risk Finance Umbrella (RFU) Program, which is managed by the World Bank and supported by key donors such as the Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), Swiss Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), consolidates analytical and advisory activities to bolster financial resilience in low- and middle-income countries. The Global Shield Financing Facility (GSFF), which evolved from the Global Risk Finance Facility (GRiF) strengthens the financial resilience of countries and people by enabling design and implementation of financial solutions. The US$415m program financed by Canada, Germany, Luxembourg, UK, and Japan, complements the RFU and works downstream to co-finance World Bank lending Programs to put in place financial solutions, but also undertakes delivery of global engagements where there are knowledge and capacity gaps in the DRF landscape. As the global risk financing landscape evolves, together, the GSFF and RFU exemplify the importance of partnerships in achieving sustainable disaster risk financing.

The role of the private sector is critical in co-financing the cost of natural disasters and making risk transfer options available. Public sector stakeholders are increasingly tapping into private sector expertise to develop ways of managing their financial exposure to disaster risks. To strengthen this collaboration, communication and trust-building, as well as improving the volume and quality of data such as on hazard risks and assets is crucial.

  • The Insurance Development Forum (IDF)represented by Tokio Marine, highlighted the importance of constantly upgrading risk assessment capabilities by showcasing successful partnerships between public and private sector stakeholders in Japan’s high-speed rail and offshore wind power projects.. This helps refine the allocation of risk bearing among relevant stakeholders.

Understanding complex risk financing concepts and insurance models can be challenging. During discussions at UR24, risk pools and their member countries emphasized the vital role of training, knowledge exchange, and effective communication to underscore the significance of insurance among diverse stakeholders and member countries.

To conclude, Global forums such as the Understanding Risk 2024 underscore the importance of robust disaster risk financing and insurance strategies in building financial resilience against climate and disaster impacts. By sharing innovative approaches and successful case studies, global leaders and practitioners can better navigate the complex disaster risk finance landscape and select options that are best suited for their needs. The WBG’s support in fostering regional partnerships, expanding the DRFI knowledge base, and leveraging data analytics remains vital in closing the financial protection gap amid more intense and frequent natural hazards.

気候変動と災害の影響に対する財務面のレジリエンスの強化:防災グローバルフォーラム2024 (UR24)からのインサイト 

本記事は、世界銀行の災害リスクファイナンス・保険プログラム(DRFIP)、世界銀行防災グローバルファシリティ(GFDRR)東京防災ハブ(DRM Hub)、および東南アジア災害リスク保険ファシリティ(SEADRIF)によって共同執筆されました。原文(英語)はFinancial Protection Forumウェブサイトに掲載されており、こちらからアクセスいただけます。 

課題 

自然災害の頻発と規模の拡大に伴い、政府や企業はその財政的および経済的影響に対処するため、適切な備えが求められています。毎年、自然災害によって世界経済は平均4520億ドルの経済的損失を被っており、政府は毎年約1兆ドルをインフラ投資に充てていますが、災害によるインフラへの影響は政府の偶発債務の一部を占めています。 

「過去40年間で自然災害によるコストは急増し、合計6兆ドルにも達しています。これは非常に深刻なグローバルな課題です。各国政府は、多岐に渡る開発目標達成に向けた施策を考慮しつつ、災害対応のためのリソースをどのように確保すべきでしょうか?」 

今村英章 世界銀行日本代表理事 

災害リスクファイナンスの重要性 

効果的な災害リスクファイナンスおよび保険(Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance、 以下DRFI)は、気候変動や自然災害による経済的損失を軽減するための重要な手法の一つです。 DRFIは、リスクの理解に基づいた意思決定を促し、災害からの財政的影響を軽減する手段を検討することで、災害への対応・復旧システムが強化され、レジリエンスが高まります。 

世界銀行グループの取り組み 

世界銀行グループ(WBG)は、災害リスクファイナンス・保険プログラム(DRFIP)を通じて、防災グローバルファシリティ(Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery、以下GFDRR)、日本ー世界銀行防災共同プログラム(東京防災ハブ)と協力し、クライアント国が強固な災害リスクファイナンス戦略を策定し、その実施を支援しています。 

GFDRR東京防災ハブが主催する「防災グローバルフォーラム2024(UR24)」は、2024年6月に日本の姫路で開催され、1,700人以上が参加し、DRFIの最新動向や、災害や気候変動に対する世界的なレジリエンスの向上に向けた戦略やイノベーションが議論されました。以下に、財政的レジリエンス強化に取り組む各国リーダーや実務者の参考となりうる、UR24を通じて得られたDRFIに関する主要なインサイトを紹介します。 

  1. プロテクションギャップの解消とインフラのレジリエンス強化 

世界で頻発する自然災害に伴うプロテクションギャップ(経済的損失と保険による補償額の差)を埋め、インフラ分野を含む包括的なレジリエンスを強化するためには、財政的な保護措置を戦略的に検討・実施することが重要です。 

世界銀行グループがアジア太平洋経済協力(APEC)、東南アジア諸国連合(ASEAN)+3、東南アジア災害リスク保険ファシリティ(SEADRIF)と共同で開催した「レジリエントなインフラのための災害リスクファイナンスに関するグローバル・ナレッジ・エクスチェンジ」では、専門家が、特に学校、医療、交通、電力といった重要なライフラインインフラを対象に、資産管理の枠組みに災害リスクへの配慮を組み込むための最新の取り組みについて意見を交換しました。 

  • 国際協力機構(JICA)は、災害のリスクを軽減する取り組み(Disaster Risk  

Reduction: DRR)とDRFIの統合的なアプローチの重要性を事例を紹介しながら強調しました。また、こうした取り組みを支える強固なガバナンスと制度的枠組みの重要性も指摘されました。 

2. 公共資産の保護と災害からの偶発債務の管理 

公共インフラ等の資産に対して、発災前に事前に復興資金を準備することは、政府の災害関連偶発債務の管理において重要な役割を果たします。 

  • 包括的な災害へのレジリエンスを構築するためには、財政的な備えと運用上の準備を一体化させることが不可欠です。特に公共資産の保護において、その重要性は一層高まります。 
  • 公共資産を効果的に管理するためには、リスクの評価、事前準備や防災活動、そして不測の事態への備えが重要です。 
  • 世界銀行グループは最先端の知見を活用して開発を推進し、拡張性と再現性のあるプロジェクトに取り組むことを通じて、国際社会での議論に参加し、財務的レジリエンス強化に貢献することを目指しています。例えば、Enabling Environment and Progress Assessment(EEPA)ツールなどの分析ツール等を開発・活用し、政府や関係者が災害リスクファイナンスや資産管理、レジリエンス構築に関する情報に基づいた意思決定を行うことを支援しています。 

3. リスクプールによる財政的レジリエンスの強化 

地域リスクプールは、プロテクションギャップを埋め、保険を通じた財政的な備えを強化する有力なソリューションの一つです。 

カリブ海、アフリカ、太平洋、東南アジア地域で設立された地域リスクプール(Regional Risk Pools)は、地域内の複数の国がリスクを共有する保険の仕組みであり、各国が災害への財政的な対応策のオプションを多様化し、より効果的な災害への財政的な保護措置を可能とします。 

  • 地域リスクプールは、取引コストの削減、専門知識の集約、規模の経済による総保険料の削減、そしてリスク分散など、多くのメリットを提供しています。特に東南アジア諸国は、多様な気候変動や自然災害リスクにさらされており、リスクの分散を通じて、より効率的な財政的保護が実現可能です。SEADRIFは、地震リスクの共同保護構造により、個別に保険購入と比べて、保険料が約16%低くなる可能性があることを示しています。 

4. データと分析の重要性 

リスク評価の向上は、災害のあらゆる段階で不可欠であり、正確なリスク把握、迅速な対応、被害評価などにおいて、データと分析は重要な役割を果たします。AIやオープンデータプラットフォームの進展によって新たな機会が広がる一方で、中・低所得国では依然としてデータ入手が困難などの課題が残っています。 

  • 南洋理工大学 (NTU Singapore)からは、現在実施中のASEAN災害リスクファイナンス・保険プログラムフェーズ2(ADRFI-2)プラットフォームに関するインサイトが提供されました。このプラットフォームは、地震、洪水、熱帯低気圧に関する危険度を評価し、それに基づく高解像度の衛星画像を用いた建物ごとのリスク評価も行なっています。 
  • また、政府、地域リスクプール、国際開発金融機関、大学や研究機関、再保険会社、ブローカー、テクノロジープロバイダーなど、多くの組織が公共の利益のためにデータや分析の活用に取り組んでいます。しかし、知識や情報の共有において透明性を高める必要があることが、参加者の一致した意見として挙げられました。これにより、組織や地域を越えた協力が進み、ベストプラクティスや共通の失敗例等をもっと共有していくことが求められています。 

5. パートナーシップと能力強化 

財政的な保護措置を強化するには、地域、国家、国際レベルでの強固なパートナーシップを構築し、その範囲、規模、影響力を最大限に広げることが、DRFIの効果を高める鍵となります。政府、国際機関、学術機関、シンクタンク、民間セクター、市民社会組織など、多様なステークホルダーの専門性や強みを活かして、包括的かつ実効性のある戦略を策定し、実行することが求められます。 

  • 日本は、災害リスクファイナンスを開発アジェンダの優先事項に位置付け、国際的なリーダーシップを発揮してきました。東京防災ハブが事務局を務める「日本―世界銀行防災共同プログラム」は、世界および地域ごとのフォーラムでの政策対話を支援しており、各国が災害リスクをより適切に管理し、重要なインフラや公共・民間資産の保護を強化するための戦略策定と実行に貢献しています。このような活動は、東南アジアおよび太平洋地域におけるDRFIの戦略策定や、南アジアにおけるリスクファイナンス環境の理解、さらにはラテンアメリカにおける災害関連偶発債務の評価にも寄与しています。 

さらに、グローバルなパートナーシップも、財政的な保護措置の強化において重要な役割を果たしており、プログラム間の連携が進むことで、各国のニーズに応じた対応が可能となります。世界銀行が運営するリスクファイナンス・アンブレラ(RFU)プログラムは、英国外務・英連邦・開発省(FCDO)、スイス経済省経済事務局(SECO)、米国国際開発庁(USAID)などのドナー国からの支援を受け、低・中所得国の財政的レジリエンスを強化するための分析や助言を提供しています。さらに、グローバル・リスク・ファイナンス・ファシリティ(GRiF)から発展したグローバル・シールド・ファイナンス・ファシリティ(GSFF)は、金融ソリューションの設計と実施を支援し、各国の財務的レジリエンスを向上させる取組を強化しています。カナダ、ドイツ、ルクセンブルク、英国、日本が資金提供する4億1500万米ドルのプログラムは、RFUを補完し、世界銀行の融資プログラムに共同出資することで金融ソリューションを導入するだけでなく、DRFの状況において知識やスキルの向上が必要な分野でのグローバルな取り組みの支援も行います。 

  • 民間セクターの役割も、自然災害のコストを分担し、リスクの移転の選択肢を提供するうえで大変重要です。公共セクターでは、災害リスクに対する財務的エクスポージャーを管理するために、ますます民間セクターの専門知識を活用する関心や傾向が強まっています。  
  • 保険開発フォーラム(IDF)(代表:東京海上日動火災保険株式会社)は、日本の新幹線や洋上風力発電プロジェクトにおける成功事例を紹介し、官民連携がリスク評価能力の向上に寄与することや、関係者間のリスク分担がより効果的に行われることが可能となること等を強調しました。 
  • リスクファイナンスという概念や保険モデルの複雑さを理解するのは簡単ではない中で、UR24の多くの議論では、リスクプールやその加盟国が、多様なステークホルダーや加盟国に対して保険の重要性を訴えるために、研修や知識の共有、効果的なコミュニケーションが重要であることが強調されました。 

結論として、UR24のようなグローバルフォーラムでは、気候変動や災害の影響に対する財務的レジリエンスの構築において、強固なDRFI戦略の重要性が多様な議論や視点から明らかになりました。先進的な手法や成功事例を共有することで、世界のリーダーや実務者は複雑な災害リスクファイナンスの状況をより的確に理解し、自国のニーズに最も適した選択肢を選ぶことができるようになります。自然災害がますます激化し頻繁になる中、自然災害からのプロテクションギャップを埋めるためには、地域的なパートナーシップの促進、DRFIの知識基盤の拡大、そしてデータ分析の活用が重要であり、これらの領域において世界銀行グループの支援が引き続き重要となります。 

Innovation Meets Tradition for Resilience: Shigeru Ban’s Works Shaped Understanding Risk Forum 2024

October 8, 2024 5:55 am Published by Leave a comment

Written by Yasuhiro Kawasoe, Disaster Risk Management Specialist at the GFDRR Tokyo DRM Hub of the World Bank

When the doors opened at the Understanding Risk (UR) Forum 2024 in Himeji, Japan, attendees were greeted by an extraordinary sight: an exhibition area unlike any other, designed with the innovative touch of world-renowned Architect Shigeru Ban and Voluntary Architects’ Network (VAN). The space, constructed using Ban’s iconic paper partition system (PPS), stood as a testament to the forum’s theme of “Tradition, Resilience, Innovation” – perfectly embodying each element through its innovative use of paper, a material deeply rooted in Japanese tradition.

As 1,720 participants from 135 countries gathered, the buzz of excitement was palpable. The exhibition area, housing 42 booths showcasing cutting-edge disaster risk management technologies, was more than just a display space. It was a living example of Ban’s philosophy: sustainable, adaptable, and profoundly human-centered design.

“We wanted participants to experience firsthand the innovative potential of simple materials in disaster response,” explained Mr. Harano Yasunori, Executive Director of the Voluntary Architects’ Network (VAN) who supported the exhibition area’s design. He remarked “This is the largest use of the Paper Partition System outside of actual evacuation centers. It’s a powerful reminder of the importance of privacy and preparedness in disaster situations.

Before PPS installation in the main gymnasium of Iwate Prefectural Ōtsuchi High School 

After PPS installation in the main gymnasium of Iwate Prefectural Ōtsuchi High School 

The paper partition system (PPS), which is stored by Hyogo Prefecture for the use of future emergency, were reimagined for the forum. Cardboard walls replaced fabric, allowing exhibitors to display posters. The hexagon design of the PPS booth was firstly introduced in this forum. A maze-like layout in the Japan Pavilion area encouraged serendipitous encounters, fostering knowledge exchange. Even the structure itself was adapted, with 10cm feet added to the pillars to accommodate international visitors.

Booth of Shigeru Ban Architects and VAN at UR2024 

Japan Pavilion (right side) and PPS booths designed by Shigeru Ban Architects and VAN

But the true highlight came during the opening ceremony, as Shigeru Ban took the stage for his keynote address. His words resonated through the paper-tube exhibition space, a fitting backdrop to his message of innovation and compassion in disaster response.

I started using recycled paper tubes for structures in 1985, before people were even talking about sustainability,” Ban shared. He went on to describe his journey from designing environment-friendly exhibition to supporting disaster affected population through innovative shelters and community facilities like churches, detailing projects that have made a tangible difference in communities worldwide.

Ban’s speech touched on key themes that resonated deeply with the audience. He emphasized the importance of using locally available materials, involving communities in construction, and addressing privacy concerns in evacuation facilities. His projects, from temporary housing in Kobe after the 1995 earthquake to recent efforts in Ukraine, demonstrated how sustainable, temporary structures can have lasting impacts.

As Ban concluded his speech, he shared a recent project in Japan’s Noto Peninsula, where his team is building studios for displaced lacquer and pottery artisans using the same paper tube structures proven resilient in earthquakes. “We’re not just providing shelter,” Ban explained, “we’re preserving livelihoods and cultural values.

Reflecting on Shigeru Ban’s impactful keynote speech, Henry Yap, the Undersecretary of the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DSHUD) from the Philippines highlighted the significance of Ban’s approach in supporting disaster-affected communities. He emphasized the critical role of integrating local knowledge with global innovations, as demonstrated by Ban’s use of readily available materials such as recycled papers and soft drink cases in the Philippines. This method allows for effective, immediate solutions while waiting for permanent structures. The Undersecretary noted that Ban’s strategies extend beyond individual households to address broader community needs, including churches and community facilities. He stressed that recovery should be a collective effort, with community support reinforcing individual resilience for faster, more effective recovery. The Undersecretary also advocated for the capacity building of local architects and practitioners to collaborate with local governments, leveraging Ban’s innovative techniques to enhance disaster preparedness and response.

As the forum concluded, participants left with more than just new knowledge. They carried with them the inspiration of Shigeru Ban’s vision – a reminder that in the face of disasters, human ingenuity, compassion, and the clever use of resources can build not just shelters, but hope.

The World Bank Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub is working to share disaster risk management knowledge developed in Japan and globally, represented by figures such as Shigeru Ban and organizations like VAN, with countries supported by the World Bank. This effort aims to contribute to strengthening disaster resilience in these countries.

 


「伝統と革新の融合によるレジリエンス:防災国際会議(UR2024)における坂茂氏の講演と展示場デザイン」

アジア・日本で初の開催となった防災国際会議(UR2024)が、2024年6月17日に開幕し、135カ国から訪れた1,720人の参加者たちは驚きの光景に迎えられました。

会場に入ると、世界的に有名な建築家、坂茂氏とボランタリー・アーキテクツ・ネットワーク(VAN)によって設計された、他にはない展示エリアが広がっていたのです。この空間は、坂茂氏が避難所のプライバシー確保のために開発した紙の間仕切りシステム(PPS)を使用して構築されており、「伝統、レジリエンス、革新」というフォーラムのテーマを完璧に体現するものでした。

42の団体・企業などが出展したブースは、最先端の防災・災害リスク管理技術を展示するというだけでも価値があるうえに、空間デザインとしても避難所のプライバシー確保デザインを再現したことで、参加者に日本の避難所運営の課題や最先端の取り組みを感じさせました。まさに、坂茂氏が話されている、持続可能で人間中心のデザインの生きた実例だったのです。

「災害対応におけるシンプルな素材の革新の可能性を参加者に直接体験してもらいたかった」と語るのは、展示エリアのデザインを支援したVANのディレクターである原野泰典氏です。「これだけ大規模に紙の仕切りシステムを使用したのは、実際の避難所以外では初めてです。プライバシーと災害対策の重要性を強く認識させるものです」と原野氏は語りました。

岩手県立大槌高等学校大体育館PPS設置前 

岩手県立大槌高等学校大体育館PPS設置後 

実際の設計・計画においては、兵庫県が災害時に避難所でプライバシーを確保するために準備している紙の間仕切りシステム(PPS)をお借りし、坂茂建築設計・VANの指導の下でUR2024のために再構築しました。布の代わりに段ボールの壁を使うことで、出展者がポスターを展示できるようになりました。六角形の構成も初めて導入され、Japan Pavilionエリアの迷路のようなレイアウトは、偶然の出会いを促し、知識の交換を促進しました。さらに、柱には10cmの足が追加され、国際的な来訪者にも対応できるようにしました。

坂茂建築設計とVANによる避難所を再現したブース

Japan Pavilion (右下) と企業·団体によるブースの全体像 

しかし、真のハイライトは開会式で坂茂氏が基調講演を行ったときでした。彼の言葉は、紙管の展示スペースを背景にして響き渡り、災害時や気候変動、防災において建築家が果たすことのできる役割について、多くのメッセージを伝えました。「1985年、まだ多くの人が持続可能性について語られていないときに、リサイクルされた紙管を構造材として使い始めました」と坂茂氏は語ります。

建築家として、世界中のコミュニティにおける災害支援と災害危機管理分野で多大なる影響を与えてきたプロジェクトを紹介し、参加者の心に深く響きました。特に、地元で入手可能な素材を使用し、コミュニティを建設に関与させ、避難施設でのプライバシー問題に対処することの重要性を強調しました。1995年の神戸の地震後の仮設住宅から最近のウクライナでの取り組みまで、彼のプロジェクトは、一時的(Temporary)と恒久的(Permanent)の定義について疑問を投げかけ、丁寧に作られた一時的な構造がどのように持続可能で恒久的な影響を与えるかを示しました。

スピーチの締めくくりには、日本の能登半島地震後の最近のプロジェクトを紹介しました。坂茂氏のチームは地震に強いと証明された紙管構造を使用して、避難民の漆芸家や陶芸家のためのスタジオを建設しています。「私たちは単にシェルターを提供しているのではありません」と坂茂氏は説明し、「私たちは生計と文化的価値を守っているのです」と述べました。

坂茂氏の基調講演を受けて、フィリピンの住宅都市開発省(DSHUD)の次官であるヘンリー・ヤプ氏はその意義を強調しました。特に、災害に直面したコミュニティを支援する際に、ローカルな知識と国際的なイノベーションの統合の重要性を示しました。また、フィリピンでの坂茂氏の実例として、リサイクルされた紙やソフトドリンクのケースなど、現地で調達可能な素材を利用することで、恒久的な構造物を待つ間にも効果的な即時解決策を提供できる点が挙げられました。それは、個々の家庭だけでなく、教会やコミュニティ施設など、より広範なコミュニティのニーズに対応するものです。ヘンリー・ヤプ次官は、復興は個々の努力にとどまらず、コミュニティ全体で行うべきであり、コミュニティの支援が個々のレジリエンスを強化し、より迅速で効果的な復興を可能にすると述べました。また、地域の建築家や実務者の能力向上を推進し、坂茂氏の革新的な技術を活用して、地域政府と協力しながら災害への準備と対応を強化する重要性も強調しました。

フォーラムが終了する頃には、参加者たちは新しい知識だけでなく、坂茂氏のビジョンに触発されていました。それは、災害に直面したときに、人間の創意工夫、共感、そして資源の巧みな活用が単なる避難所だけでなく、希望を築くことができるということを感じさせるものでした。

世界銀行東京防災ハブは、本記事で紹介した坂茂氏やVANなどに代表される日本や世界で培われた防災の知見を世界銀行の支援してる国々に共有し、各国の防災能力強化に貢献するために活動しています。

Resilient Cultural Heritage: Reflections on Japan’s Castle Conservation Legacy

October 1, 2024 3:51 pm Published by Leave a comment

Authors: Ahmed Eiweida, with contribution from Hideyasu Kiyomoto, Yoshihiro Senda, and Dixi Mengote-Quah

Cultural Heritage Symposium for UR24

Resilient Cultural Heritage: Reflections on Japan’s Castle Conservation Legacy

Walking through UNESCO World Heritage Sites around the world always feels like stepping back in time. I can sense the presence of those who lived there, ponder their lives, and trying to understand the historical context that shaped the place. The stories and legends associated with ruins often add layers of meaning, offering  a deeper understanding of their significance.  My visit to Himeji Castle in June 2024 for the Understanding Risk 2024 Global Forum (UR2024) organized by the World Bank, was no exception. It left me deeply moved, not just by its architectural grandeur but by its resilience.

 At UR24’s Public Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Disaster Risk Reduction, I had the privilege of moderating a panel discussion with Mayor Hideyasu Kiyomoto of Himeji City, and Professor Yoshihiro Senda of Nagoya City University, one of Japan’s leading experts on castles.

Himeji Castle is one of the few remaining examples of castle architecture from the Warring States period in Japan that fortunately has not been damaged by war, earthquake, or fire.  The ongoing efforts by Himeji City to preserve this iconic cultural heritage site, guided by a comprehensive management plan under the Japanese government’s supervision, are truly impressive.  

Nicknamed “Shirasagi-jo” (White Heron castle), Himeji Castle has been a symbol of strength and perseverance through many trials and tribulations over the past 400 years. The reinforcement of Himeji Castle’s foundation against earthquakes and the fireproofing of its wooden pillars, beams, floors and roofs are outstanding. The castle has survived numerous natural hazards, including the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake 30 years ago.

Professor Senda explained to the more than 700 participants in the symposium the characteristics of Himeji Castle, the importance of disaster risk management in cultural heritage, and the latest conservation and restoration techniques and structural strengthening techniques used in Japan today. He also explained in detail the restoration of cultural heritage sites at Kumamoto Castle (Kumamoto Earthquake, 2016) and Maruoka Castle (Fukui Earthquake, 1948). In particular, he explained that the Kumamoto earthquake provided an opportunity to reconsider the past policy of preserving and restoring buildings as much as possible as they were originally constructed. Fortunately, there were no casualties because the earthquake occurred in the middle of the night, but if the stonewalls that collapsed heavily are rebuilt in the same way, there is a possibility of serious casualties in the future when an earthquake of the same scale occurs, depending on the time of day. How can we prevent this and at the same time restore the original construction method as much as possible? To answer this question, a large-scale “shaking experiment” of stone walls was conducted with government funding in order to elucidate the destruction mechanism of stone walls. The empirical data obtained from these experiments was used to select appropriate restoration methods through unprecedented deliberations by the government, the local government, and the academic research community which had not happened before. He also talked about the interesting cultural property restoration project that is still underway today, including the novel organizational approach to planning and managing the repair and reconstruction of the castle.

(L) Learning about castle stone wall restoration and management; (R) Ahmed Eiweida, World Bank Global Coordinator for Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism, at Himeji Castle.

Mayor Kiyomoto, who was born and raised in Himeji, emphasized that his mission as Mayor of Himeji is to hand down Himeji Castle to the next generation, and that the identity of Himeji citizens is not only to take pride in Himeji Castle and its history, but also to assume great responsibility as the custodian of Himeji Castle and its future. He hoped that the resilience lessons learned from Himeji Castle and Japan’s commitment to heritage preservation would be a source of inspiration for cultural heritage leaders and managers around the world, and that they would draw inspiration from the Japanese experience and work together to protect and promote cultural heritage for future generations was advocated.

Through our visit to Himeji Castle, we gained a good understanding of Japan’s strengths in preserving and protecting its cultural heritage. Japan’s commitment to preserving its rich history and traditions is exceptional, The World Bank Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub’s 2020 publication “Resilient Cultural Heritage: Learning from Japan’s Experience” sheds light on Japan’s exemplary practices in cultural heritage protection. 

In many ways, Japan’s approach serves as a global model. Their dedication not only to preserving the past but also to preparing for the future ensures that these treasures will endure. As we reflect on our visit, we’re reminded that the resilience of cultural heritage sites like Himeji Castle offers invaluable lessons for heritage conservation worldwide. 

レジリエントな文化遺産:日本の城郭保存遺産についての考察

アフメド‧エイワイダ、清元秀泰、千田嘉博、ディクシー‧メンゴーテ‧クア

世界各地のユネスコの世界遺産を歩くたびに、タイムスリップしたような気分になる。過去の住人の存在を感じ、彼らの生活に思いを馳せ、その場所を形成した歴史的背景を理解しようとする。遺跡にまつわる物語や伝説は、しばしば何層にも意味を重ね、遺跡の重要性をより深く理解させてくれる。2024年6月、世界銀行主催の「防災グローバルフォーラム2024(UR2024)」のために訪れた姫路城も例外ではなく、深い感動を覚えた。UR2024では、文化遺産と防災をテーマとした公開シンポジウムの一環として、私は清本秀泰姫路市長と、日本を代表する城郭専門家である名古屋市立大学の千田嘉博教授とのパネルディスカッションのモデレーターをさせていただいた。

姫路城はこれまで幸いにも戦災、地震、火災に遭わず、現存している数少ない戦国時代の日本を代表する城郭建築のひとつである。私は、この象徴的な文化遺産がとてもレジリエントであること、そして日本政府の指導のもと、姫路市が総合的な管理計画に基づき継続的に保存に努めていることに感銘を受けた。「白鷺城」の愛称を持つこの城は、400年もの間さまざまな試練を乗り越え、強さと忍耐の象徴としての姿をみせつづけてくれている。姫路城の地震に対する基礎の補強、木造の柱や梁、床や屋根の防火対策は群を抜いており、30年前の阪神‧淡路大震災をはじめ、数々の自然災害を生き残ってきた。

千田教授には、シンポジウムに参加した700人以上の参加者に対し、姫路城の特徴、文化遺産における災害リスク管理の重要性、現在日本で一般的に用いられている最新の保存修理技術や構造強化技術について説明いただいた。また、熊本城(2016年熊本地震)、丸岡城(1948年福井地震)の文化遺産修理についても詳しく説明していただいた。特に熊本城について、熊本地震がこれまでの、なるべく建築当初の建物を可能な限りそのままに保存、修理するという方針を再考する機会となったことをご説明いただいた。熊本地震は夜中に起きたため、幸いにも人的被害はなかったが、大きく崩れた石垣をまた同じように積みなおすと、将来的に同じ規模の地震が起きた時に、時間帯によっては大きな人的被害が出る可能性がある。それを防ぐと同時に、なるべく建築当初の工法を復原してゆくにはどうしたらよいか。その答えを出すべく、石垣の破壊メカニズムを解明するため、政府の資金援助のもと大規模な石垣の「揺れ実験」がおこなわれた。ここから得られた実証的データは、これまでに例を見ない政府、地元自治体、学術研究コミュニティという新たな専門家三者による審議を経て、適切な修理方法の選択に役立てられた。また城郭の修理と再建を計画、管理するための斬新な組織的アプローチなど、現在も進められている興味深い文化財復興のお話をいただいた。

姫路で生まれ育たれた清元市長からは今、姫路市長として、姫路城を次の世代に引き継いでいくことが使命であること、また姫路市民のアイデンティティは、姫路城とその歴史に誇りを持つことにとどまらず、姫路城の管理者として、また姫路城の未来を守る者として、大きな責任を負っていることを力説いただいた。姫路城から学んだレジリエンスの教訓と日本の遺産保存への取り組みが、世界中の文化遺産の指導者や管理者にとってインスピレーションの源となることを願われており、日本の経験からインスピレーションを得て、未来の世代のために文化遺産を保護し、促進するために協力していくことが提唱された。いずれも印象に残った。

(写真左)城の石垣の修復と管理について学ぶ様子。(写真右)姫路城にて、世界銀行の文化遺産と持続可能な観光担当グローバルコーディネーターのアハメド・エイウェイダ氏。

今回の訪問を通して、文化遺産の保存と保護における日本の強みをよく理解できた。豊かな歴史と伝統を守ろうとする日本の姿勢は称賛に値するものであり、世界銀行東京防災ハブが2020年に出版した「レジリエントな文化遺産:日本の経験に学ぶ」は、文化遺産保護における日本の模範的な実践に光を当てている。厳格な保護努力から、防災や遺産管理における革新的なアプローチまで、日本は文化遺産の保護において世界の先頭を走ってきた。

Authors

アーメド‧エイワイダ主任都市専門

世界銀行で文化遺産と持続可能な観光グローバル・コーディネーター、および持続可能な開発担当ベトナム・セクター・リーダーを兼任。25年以上の経験を持つ。専門は、文化遺産、持続可能な観光、都市政策、自治体財政とインフラ、地元経済開発、都市アップグレーディング、都市再生。

Ahmed Eiweida, Lead Urban Specialist, World Bank

Ahmed Eiweida serves as the World Bank Global Coordinator for Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism and is the Vietnam Sector Leader for Sustainable Development. With over 25 years of experience, he specializes in cultural heritage, sustainable tourism, urban policies, municipal finance and infrastructure, local economic development, urban upgrading, and urban regeneration.

姫路市 清元秀泰市

国立香川医科大学卒業。医師免許・医学博士取得後、米テキサス大学学術研究員として留学。帰国後、香川大学医学部附属病院講師を経て、2010年10月東北大学医学部に異動、2012年2月より東北大学教授。被災地復興に専心し、文部科学大臣賞(科学技術賞理解増進部門)を受賞。2016年4月日本医療研究開発機構調査役・プログラムオフィサ―として出向。2018年5月東北大学を退職。2019年4月姫路市長に就任。2023年4月に再任し、現在に至る。

Hideyasu Kiyomoto, MD&PhD, Mayor of Himeji

Mayor Kiyomoto obtained his medical license and Doctor of Medicine from Kagawa Medical University. He pursued further research as an academic researcher at the University of Texas, US. Upon returning to Japan, he served as a lecturer at Kagawa University Hospital. He transferred to Tohoku University School of Medicine in October 2010, where he became a professor in February 2012. He received the Commendation for Science and Technology from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (under the Public Understanding Promotion Category of the Awards for Science and Technology) for his contribution to the reconstruction of areas affected by disasters. In April 2016, he was seconded to the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development as a research officer and a program officer. He left Tohoku University in May 2018. In April 2019, he became the Mayor of Himeji, and later was re-elected in April 2023.

名古屋市立大学 千田嘉博教

1963年生。愛知県出身。奈良大学卒業。大阪大学博士(文学)。国立歴史民俗博物館助教授、奈良大学長等を歴任。専門は城郭考古学。現在、名古屋市立大学 高等教育院 特任教授・奈良大学 特別教授。文化財石垣保存技術協議会 評議会員。永青文庫評議員、奈良国立博物館評議員。日本各地の城跡の調査と整備に携わる。
(写真撮影:畠中和久氏)

Professor Yoshihiro Senda, Nagoya City University

Born in Aichi Prefecture in 1963, Professor Senda graduated from Nara University and earned a Doctor of Letters from Osaka University. He has held positions including associate professor at the National Museum of Japanese History and President of Nara University. He specializes in castle archaeology. Currently, he serves as a specially appointed professor at Nagoya City University’s Institute for Advanced Education and Research, as well as a professor at Nara University. He is a council member of the Association for the Conservation of Cultural Property Stone Walls and also serves on the councils of the Eisei Bunko Museum and Nara National Museum. He is actively involved in the survey and maintenance of castle ruins throughout Japan.
(Photo by Kazuhisa Hatanaka)

ディクシメンゴテクワ,・世界銀行東京防災ハブの災害リスク管理専門家

洪水リスク管理、気候回復力、流域管理と斜面保護のための自然ベースのソリューションに重点を置いて、東アジア太平洋地域の銀行業務に携わってきました。気候適応型景観の計画、詳細設計、グリーンビルディングの改修に関する民間部門と政府の経験を持っています。彼女は現在、ラテンアメリカ、東アジア太平洋、以前はヨーロッパと中央アジアでの DRM 技術支援に関する知識製品と資金調達を管理しています。彼女は、シンガポール国立大学とケンブリッジ大学で工学と建築環境デザインの修士号を取得しています。

Dixi Mengote-Quah, Disaster Risk Management Specialist, Tokyo DRM Hub, World Bank

She has worked on Bank operations in East Asia Pacific, with a focus on flood risk management, climate resilience, and nature-based solutions for watershed management and slope protection. She brings private sector and government experience in planning, detailed design of climate-adaptive landscapes, and green building retrofits. She currently manages knowledge products and financing for DRM technical assistance in Latin America and East and Asia Pacific, and previously Europe and Central Asia. She has master’s degrees in Engineering and in Built Environment Design from NTU Singapore and the University of Cambridge. 

World Health Organization (WHO) Kobe Center presents on Disaster Risk Management at World Bank Global Forum | WHO神戸センター、世界銀行防災グローバルフォーラムで防災に関する発表

October 1, 2024 8:04 am Published by Leave a comment

World Health Organization (WHO) Kobe Center presents on Disaster Risk Management at World Bank Global Forum

Disaster risk management is a national priority in Japan, and its importance is increasing worldwide due to natural hazards and climate change effects. With the 30th anniversary of the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake (GHAE) in 2025, the World Bank hosted the 8th Understanding Risk Forum in Himeji, Japan which was substantially damaged by the 1995 earthquake.

The WHO Centre for Development (WHO Kobe Centre – WKC) coordinates major projects on Health Emergencies and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM). As an international expert in this field, WKC’s technical lead, Dr Ryoma Kayano, was invited to participate in the Forum and presented a session on “Generating the evidence base for DRM in the health sector: tools and approaches”. Most countries are likely to experience health emergencies which can increase death and disease, disrupt essential health services and damage infrastructure.

“Conducting research on Health EDRM generates data and evidence for learning lessons and making evidence-based decisions. This helps countries to become proactive rather than reactive. It means understanding and managing risks pre-emptively, adapting and aligning core capabilities to protect health from specific threats to manage all-hazards, and building resilient communities through leadership, capacity and collaboration,” said Dr Kayano.  

“For instance, from data and evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, we learnt the health consequences of evacuation include indirect death from deep vein thrombosis, and living in temporary accommodation can increase worsen noncommunicable diseases and cognitive impairment. From this, research studies pointed to measures such as encouraging community participation in exercise or hobbies to reduce depression and mitigate cognitive disability after the disaster,” he said.

The WHO Kobe Centre is the secretariat of the WHO Health EDRM Research Network of over 380 experts from 58 countries, and facilitates global and regional collaborative research and activities. The Centre also produced a research method guidance for health research before, during and after emergencies and disasters. A hands-on guidance is being developed for policy-makers, implementers and scientists to promote research for evidence-based decision-making.The WHO Kobe Centre conducts Health EDRM research and promotes its uptake to ensure that more people will be better protected from the health impact of emergencies and disasters. This is one of the three major priorities of WHO’s 13th and 14th global programmes of work – to protect one billion more people from health emergencies.

日本では防災が国の優先事項となっており、自然災害や気候変動の影響によりその重要性が世界的に高まっています。2025年に阪神・淡路大震災から30周年を迎えるにあたり、世界銀行は1995年の地震で大きな被害を受けた兵庫県姫路市で「防災グローバルフォーラム2024:自然災害リスクへの理解を深める」を開催しました。

WHO神戸センター(WKC)は、災害・健康危機管理(Health EDRM)に関する主要なプロジェクトを運営・推進しています。この分野の国際的な専門家として、WKCの本領域の責任者である茅野龍馬医官がフォーラムに招待され、「保健医療分野における防災のためのエビデンスベースの構築:ツールとアプローチ」に関するセッションを発表しました。多くの国では、健康危機により死者数や疾病が増加し、重要な保健サービスの中断やインフラの損壊が発生する可能性があります。

茅野医官は、「Health EDRMに関する研究を行うことで、得られた教訓とデータを基にエビデンスに基づいた意思決定が可能になります。これにより、国は受け身でなく積極的な予防的対応を取ることができるようになります。つまり、特定の脅威から人々の健康を守るためにリスクを事前に理解、管理し、あらゆる危機に対応できるようにし、リーダーシップや連携協力を通じて強靭なコミュニティを構築することが重要です。」と述べました。

「例えば、2011年の東日本大震災から得られたデータとエビデンスから、避難による健康影響には深部静脈血栓症による間接死が含まれ、仮設住宅での生活は非感染性疾患や認知障害を悪化させる可能性があることが分かりました。この研究では、災害後のうつ病を減らし、認知障害を緩和するために、コミュニティ参加を促進する運動や趣味が効果的であることが示されています」と茅野医官は付け加えました。

WHO神戸センターは、58カ国の380人以上の専門家からなる 災害・健康危機管理に関するWHO グローバルリサーチネットワークの事務局を務め、世界および地域レベルでの研究と活動を推進しています。また、緊急時および災害時の研究のための 「災害・健康危機管理の研究手法に関するWHOガイダンス」を作成し、政策決定者、実施者、および科学者向けの実践的な指針を開発して、エビデンスに基づいた意思決定を促進しています。

WHO神戸センターはHealth EDRMの研究を行い、その普及を推進することで、より多くの人々が緊急時や災害の健康影響から守られることを目指しています。これは、WHOの第13次および第14次総合事業計画の3つの主要な優先事項の1つであり、1億人以上の人々を健康緊急事態から守ることを目的としています。

Keynote: Emiliano Rodriguez Nuesch

December 16, 2022 2:46 pm Published by Leave a comment

  

Keynote:

In this talk, Emiliano Rodriguez Nuesch will present tips and tools to navigate the waves of risk. Topics will include four lenses:
● The Innovation Lenses Tools like systems-thinking to map inter-relations between risk and hazards and define where to make interventions.
● The Risk Perception Lenses Understanding how people and different cultures perceive multi-hazard risk. (Example from Easter Island and Polynesia)

● The Science of Emotions Lenses What are the emotions that we need to tap into to communicate multi-hazard risk so that people engage in a positive and sustainable way? (Example from uses of music and storytelling)
● The Behavioral Lenses What are the nudges and interventions we can make to reduce risk and help communities better prepare? (Examples from New Zealand).

Speaker

Emiliano Rodriguez Nuesch

Pacifico


Risk communications and behavioral science specialist.
Director of Pacifico Risk Communications, with projects deployed in more than 50 countries, using non conventional tools to tackle risk posed by natural hazards.
Creative Director of the Disaster Fighters campaign.
Producer of the Tsunami Ladies documentary series, a Sendai Framework commitment.
His work on risk communications with Greenpeace was awarded a Gold Lion at Cannes Festival of Creativity.
His work was presented at UNDRR, Harvard, MIT, US Geological Survey, Natural History Museum in Los Angeles and SXSW in Austin.
Bachelor in Science in Multimedia Computing. University of West London.
Masters of Behavioral Science candidate at the London School of Economics.

Keynote: Paula Padrino Vilela

December 16, 2022 2:35 pm Published by Leave a comment

  

Keyonte: Paula Padrino Vilela

Today we are living the midst of a climate change crisis with an unprecedented number of disasters happening around the world. At the same time, we live in a rapidly changing world where rapid advances in science and technology are transforming all aspects of human society, and the field of disaster management is no different. This rate of innovation and technical integration was never seen before in history. Disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence, drones, robots and internet of things are providing new innovative solutions to address disaster preparedness, prevention, response, mitigation and recovery.

Speaker

Paula Padrino Vilela

UNEP’s Representative at the Focus Group on AI for Natural Disaster Management
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Paula PADRINO VILELA is presently leading UNEP’s activities related to Modern Technologies in Disaster Management in her capacity as Project Coordinator within the Disasters and Conflicts Branch. She is also UNEP’s representative at the joint ITU/WMO/UNEP Focus Group on AI for Natural Disaster Management.
Paula has previous professional experience in the humanitarian and human rights fields, working for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and NATO.
She possesses an LLM in International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights from the Geneva Academy and a Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations from the Universidad Europea de Madrid.

Welcome to UR22 – Do Look up

December 16, 2022 12:26 pm Published by Leave a comment

  

Do look up

Introduction by Joaquin Toro

After 4 years, the Understanding Risk Global Forum is back in person bringing the energy that only in-person interactions can offer. At UR conferences, we seek to provide an inclusive, creative and fun space for meaningful risk knowledge exchange, encouraging collaboration among disaster risk experts and practitioners from all over the world and between global and regional organizations. We aim to spur innovation and spark lasting partnerships.

The UR22 theme, “Riding the waves of risk,” focuses on climate and disaster risks in a multi-hazard world. To better understand risk, prevent disasters from happening, and build resilience, UR22 will explore the space where these multi-hazards collide and how disaster impacts cascade in unpredictable ways. The main hub location in Florianopolis offers an exceptional opportunity for the world to learn from Brazil and vice versa and strengthen the sustainable development agenda, moving from understanding risk to action on disaster resilience.

DO LOOK UP – An Aerial Aacrobatics Performance for Understanding Risk

Have you ever wondered what it’s like to fall from 20 feet just relying on one person to catch you? Or being lifted in the air with no control of external forces? Circus arts and acrobatics bring a deep connection between risk, trust, anticipation, and performance. Like pilots in the civil aviation sector, circus artists are remarkably talented at understanding, foreseeing, and managing what can go wrong: They look up and actually go there, where magic happens. Circus artists straddle fine lines in mitigating without eliminating risk, using the risk itself as a medium for community engagement and inspiration. Can we, as risk practitioners, learn from their talent and creativity?

The Circocan International School of Circus brings a tailor-made, live performance to UR2022 in Florianópolis. Depicting the preparation and development process of an acrobatic creation, this performance conveys how a risky, life-threatening situation can be managed through listening, connecting, trusting and relying on your surrounding community. The goal: inspire thinking and transformative action on how we perceive, communicate, and address risk.

Direction: Nickolle Abreu
Concept: Nickolle Abreu, Alan (Alby) Lee, Pedro Mello e Cruz, and Pablo Suarez
Performers: Circocan International School of Circus
Original soundtrack: Nico Cassinelli, Nickolle Abreu, and Pablo Suarez

Speakers

Joaquin Toro

Lead Disaster Risk Management Specialist / World Bank, GFDRR

Joaquín Toro is the regional coordinator for disaster risk management in Latin America and the Caribbean at the World Bank. He joined the Bank in 2003 in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region and helped setting up the LAC and Europe and Central Asia DRM Teams. He is part of the founders of Understanding Risk Community and Forums. He has more than 20 years of disaster risk management experience and holds a master’s degree in engineering management and systems engineering from George Washington University.

Pablo Suarez

Artist in Residence / National University of Singapore. Lloyd’s Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk


Dr Pablo Suarez is a researcher turned humanitarian worker and innovator. He is artist in residence at the Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk at the National University of Singapore, visiting researcher at Cambridge University, and innovation lead at the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre. Pablo has consulted for the World Bank, Oxfam, and about twenty other humanitarian and development organizations, working from rural Zambia to the White House in more than 60 countries. His creative approaches to risk management range from new financial instruments to collaboration with aerial acrobats to inspire thinking and action.

CIRCOCAN

International School of Circus


Leveraging AI for Social Impact @ LATAM

December 16, 2022 11:49 am Published by Leave a comment

  

Leveraging AI for Social Impact @ LATAM

Floods and wildfires are some of the most common and deadly natural disasters on the planet. Every year, they affect hundreds of millions of people, cause thousands of fatalities and cost billions in economic damages. Google’s AI Research teams are passionate and committed to developing new early warning systems and crisis management solutions that will empower governments, organizations and citizens to take timely actions, limiting damage and loss of life.

The Flood Forecasting initiative aims to provide accurate and actionable flood alerts covering all affected by floods globally. Currently the focus is on riverine floods. In 2022 we established a partnership with the government of Brazil in order to leverage local data and expertise to deliver high quality flood forecasts on Google Search, Maps and on Google’s new dedicated flood info center – the FloodHub.

The Wildfires initiative aims to provide accurate information regarding the boundaries of wildfires in real-time.

Speakers

Newton Neto

Director, Global Partnerships LatAm
Google

Newton Neto is a digital business builder and executive with over 20 years experience in the information technology industry. Started as a software developer then got deeply involved in strategic business development on a global basis. Worked on leading international trade organizations such as Amcham-Brazil and US Chamber of Commerce. Had senior positions at Porto Digital, Meantime/C.E.S.A.R and Ediouro Publishing. At Google since 2011, Newton leads strategic partnerships and business development efforts in Latin America for several Google Product Areas such as Search, Maps, Local, Commerce, Ads, Research & Machine Intelligence, Web, Social Impact, and the Assistant.

Sella Nevo

Engineering Lead for Flood Forecasting and Wildfires
Google Research


Sella Nevo leads the Google Flood Forecasting Initiative, which aims to provide high-accuracy flood forecasts and warnings globally, alongside several other humanitarian and environmental efforts at Google. He also teaches Applied Ethics and Information Security at Tel Aviv University, is a Venture Partner at the VC firm First Time which invests in climate startups, and is on the advisory board of ALLFED – the Alliance to Feed the Earth.

Money Talks: The Risk of Not Knowing Your Risk

December 16, 2022 11:05 am Published by Leave a comment

  

Money Talks: The Risk of Not Knowing Your Risk

In the aftermath of a disaster, someone must pay the bill. Sometimes, the government covers most of the expenses, and sometimes, bills are left unpaid. However, national governments are improving their response to physical and financial risks by learning about the contingent liabilities of disasters in the finance of countries. In this panel, we will explore how governments are getting ready to pay the bills, the financial tools they are using, and the cost of not investing in adaptation to climate change and risk reduction activities.

Participants: Min Finance Honduras, Minister Finance St. Lucia, Director for Poverty Alleviation and Community Empowerment Indonesia

Speakers

Mirtha Escobar

Disaster Risk Management Specialist
World Bank, GFDRR

Mirtha Escobar; Disaster Risk Management Specialist, World Bank. She is a Disaster Risk Management Specialist of the Latin American and Caribbean region at the World Bank. Her professional focus is on the implementation of innovative projects and financing mechanisms for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. She has a Bachelor’s degree in Economics and a Master’s degree in Natural Resource Management and Climate Change from Virginia Tech University.

Roberto Ramirez Alvarenga

Vice Minister of Public Credit and Public Investment
Ministry of Finance. Government of Honduras


Roberto Carlos Ramirez Alvarenga has a degree in Economics from the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH) in 2003 and a Master’s in Economic Policy from Williams College University of Massachusetts, United States of America (USA) in 2011. In the professional area Vice Minister Ramírez worked for more than 17 years at the Central Bank of Honduras (BCH), as Head of the Macroeconomic Modeling Section, later he worked as a consultant for different studies on projects and economic impacts. He also worked at the United Nations for UNICEF. Also, it has collaborated with the Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL) for the formulation and generation of a Latin American price index, as well as the calculation of prices in purchasing parity, also collaborated with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to the creation and application of a general equilibrium macroeconomic model for Honduras. In the area of ​​Human Talent training and Academy, he was a trainer of the debt strategy program, financed by Debt Relief International (DRI) of London, England, training personnel from the Central Bank of Nicaragua and the Ministry of Finance, in addition to exercising teaching at the Metropolitan University (UMH) and UNAH in master classes in different subjects related to Economics.

Wayne Girard

Ministry of Finance, Economic Development and Youth Economy.
Government of Saint Lucia


Wayne Girard is a Saint Lucian politician who serves as the Minister in the Ministry of Finance, Economic Development and Youth Economy. Wayne earned his undergraduate degree in 2004 from the University of Wales in Business with Law and pursued post-graduate, executive education programmes at Chicago Booth/Oxford Said Business School: Corporate Valuation Programme and Oxford Said Business School: Fintech Programme and is currently pursuing a Certificate in Public Leadership at Harvard Kennedy School of Government.

Pak Maliki

Director for Poverty Alleviation and Community Empowerment / Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas).
Government of Indonesia


Maliki has been working in the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) for more than 22 years. Since 2019, he has been appointed as the Director for Poverty Alleviation and Community Empowerment. His main task is to design policy planning for developing social protection programs and social empowerment models. He also manages various cross-cutting issues concerning people with vulnerabilities, including navigating the country’s strategy for aging issues and inclusive development. Currently, he is in charge of Indonesia’s Social Protection System Reform roadmap. Two main reform strategies under his coordination are formulating the Adaptive Social Protection scheme and developing the Socio-Economic Registry, which is now being implemented nationally, covering 100% of Indonesian population. These two strategies ensure that social protection in Indonesia is more inclusive and effective in preventing poverty and deprivation.

Risk in the Era of Digital Platforms (no recording)

December 16, 2022 11:04 am Published by Leave a comment

  

Risk in the Era of Digital Platforms (no recording)

(Due to technical difficulties, this session had no audio), In our current world, social media is part of our daily lives. We check the news, get the new dancing moves, and follow our favourite teams, politicians, and idols. Undoubtedly, social media is here to stay. But how can we better leverage these platforms in the disaster risk reduction, resilience, and development sector? In this panel, we will discuss best practices and tools to improve our social media presence, and hear how key players are to taking advantage of the different applications.

Participants: TikTok, Twitter

Speakers

Lauren Devoll

Global Partnerships and Innovation Manager Twitter

Lauren Devoll advises some of the most influential and innovative policymakers, government agencies, and members of civil society as a Global Innovation Partnerships Manager at Twitter. Together they design content strategies that create impact, contribute to product changes, and support philanthropic efforts.
She is a frequently-requested public speaker at engagements around the world including those hosted by the United Nations, the International Federation of the Red Cross, and the Government Social Media network. Previous to her tenure at Twitter, she built and executed original social, e-commerce, and creative programs at the RNC and NRCC. Before her ten years in Washington, she earned a Bachelor’s in Public Relations with an emphasis in Leadership Analysis from the University of Texas at Arlington.

Thomas Lehmann

Public Policy Manager, Spanish Speaking Latin America
TikTok


Tom Lehmann joined TikTok’s Public Policy team in late 2019 and works with public stakeholders across Latin America and the Caribbean on topics ranging from safety to platform regulation. Tom was previously the Development Manager at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he led relations with external partners and assisted in the planning and implementation of the Technology and International Affairs Program. Prior to this, spent two years in rural China serving at risk and under resourced youth as a Fellow with Teach for China. Tom has also been a farmer, landscaper, and outdoor trip leader. Tom graduated from the University of California, Santa Barbara with a Bachelor’s in Chinese Studies and Black Studies.

Lisa Robinson

Head of Advisory / BBC Media Action


Lisa Robinson is Head of Advisory at BBC Media Action where she advises on creative media and communication strategies to influence change at scale. Her work focuses on disaster risk reduction, climate change and emergency response. She leads a team of Senior Advisors covering media ecosystems, information disorder, governance, social cohesion, economic development, health, and diversity and inclusion. Their work supports teams across 20 low- and middle-income countries and reached over 130 million people last year.